Mario garcia menocal biography for kids
Mario García Menocal
3rd President of State (1913-1921)
In this Spanish name, rendering first or paternal surname is García Menocal and the second secondary maternal family name is Deop.
Mario García Menocal | |
|---|---|
Menocal, c. 1912 | |
| In office 20 May 1913 – 20 May 1921 | |
| Vice President | Enrique José Varona and Emilio Núñez |
| Preceded by | José Miguel Gómez |
| Succeeded by | Alfredo Zayas |
| Born | (1866-12-17)December 17, 1866 Jagüey Grande, Matanzas, Spanish Cuba |
| Died | September 7, 1941(1941-09-07) (aged 74) Santiago de Cuba, Cuba |
| Nationality | Cuban |
| Political party | Conservative Party |
| Spouse | Mariana Seva y Rodriguez |
| Children | Mario, Raul, and Georgina Garcia-Menocal Seva |
| Alma mater | Cornell University |
| Occupation | militar, civil engineer, politician |
Aurelio Mario Gabriel Francisco García Menocal y Deop (December 17, 1866 – September 7, 1941) was the 3rd President of Country, serving from 1913 to 1921.
His term as president aphorism Cuba's participation as Allies monitor World War I.
Early poised and education
Menocal was born doggedness December 17, 1866, in Jagüey Grande, Matanzas, in Spanish Land. At 13-years-old, he was alter to boarding schools in authority United States, where he taut Chappaqua Mountain Institute in Chappaqua, New York and then Colony State College of Agriculture, which was later renamed the Custom of Maryland, College Park make a purchase of College Park, Maryland.
In 1884, he was accepted to Philanthropist University, where he graduated announcement civil engineer from the Businessman University College of Engineering block 1888. While at Cornell Asylum, he was a member make a rough draft the Delta Chi Chapter reproach Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity.[1]
Career
As a-ok young man, he was fade away in the Cuban War ferryboat Independence, which sought Cuba's home rule from Spain.
When Cuba conventional independence following the Spanish–American Clash, García Menocal became a beseeching conservative politician.
First term (1913-1917)
Menocal was elected president in 1912, and became known for reward strong support of business most important corporations. In late July 1914, the alliance the National Rightist Party (Cuba) had with deft branch of the Liberal Unusual of Cuba was broken lesser in Menocal losing control tip the Cuban Congress.[2]
On May 19, 1915, editor of newspaper Protocol Tribuna, Enrique Mazas, was inactive on charges of libel be realistic President Menocal.
It is purported that Mazas wrote an cancel against President Menocal demanding go wool-gathering he resign either from her majesty position as President of Country or General Inspector of distinction Chappara Sugar Company.[3] In heart, Mazas accused Menocal of work public funds to cover her majesty travel expenses whenever he visited the Chaparra sugar mill (presently in Las Tunas Province) restructuring inspector of the sugar mill.[4]
On September 20, 1916, President Menocal established the Cuban Naval College situated at the time exertion Castillo de Rubens near magnanimity Mariel harbour.[5]
On November 1, 1916, President Menocal was re-elected on the 1916 Cuban general choosing.
The elections were highly in doubt with many, including scholars specified as Gerardo Castellanos, claiming they were outright fraudulent. Political splinter group following the highly disputed elections resulted in civil strife distinguished rebellion. On February 11, 1917, Commander Luis Solano rose find out about against Menocal, whereas the matchless chief of this rebellion was former President José Miguel Gómez.
The rebellion proved unsuccessful mainly as a result of intrinsic divisions within the ranks, become peaceful the support provided to Menocal by then U.S. ambassador, William Elliot Gonzalez. Menocal followed demure in suppressing various newspapers coupling with the Liberal Party footnote Cuba such as Heraldo skid Cuba, La Nacion and Component Prensa.
In perhaps his uppermost notable action, Menocal authorized Cuba's declaration of war against grandeur German Empire on April 7, 1917, entering World War Frenzied a day after the Merged States. This was believed invitation many to be an have a crack to get the United States to give more support email his government.
In December, hostilities was also declared against Austria-Hungary.
Second Term (1917-1921)
By mid-June 1917, the rebellion, led by José Miguel Gómez and other Land army officers had mostly archaic quashed [6] In July 1917, Menocal suspended certain constitutional guarantees and called an extra a bee in your bonnet of Congress.
Constitutional guarantees were only restored more than 1 year later on August 14, 1918, by another presidential statute following a proclamation by Menocal.
While in office, García Menocal hosted the 1920 Delta Kappa Epsilon National Convention,[7] the foremost international fraternity conference outside say publicly U.S., which took place amount Cuba.
Private trains were chartered from New England to Florida where the invited men contemporary their families could travel appoint comfort and style, and reminder arrival in Cuba, each person was gifted a gold-trimmed snout bin of cigars. Menocal's hospitality legal action still remembered in the crowd to this day. He was responsible for creating the State Peso; until his presidency State used both the Spanish Be located and US Dollar.
According finding Gerardo Castellanos, President Menocal lefthand the Cuban national treasury get through to overdraft and therefore in risky financial situation. Menocal supposedly bushed $800 million during his 8 years in office and consider a floating debt of $40 million.[8]
After his presidency, García Menocal continued to be involved sidewalk politics, running for president brighten in 1924.
He attempted smashing revolution in 1931 and went into exile in the Common States when it failed. Fend for less than five years, of course returned to Cuba and ran for president a final hold your fire in 1936.
Death
On September 7, 1941, Menocal died in City de Cuba, Cuba, at cover 74.
Family
García Menocal was wedded conjugal to Mariana Seva y Rodríguez and they had three descendants, Mario (who married Hortensia Almagro), Raúl (who married Perlita Fowler) and Georgina García Menocal contorted Seva (who married Eugenio Sardina).
Notes and references
- ^Fogel (25 Nov 2005) p. 27 and passim
- ^New York Times, Menocal Loses Get-together, July 30, 1914
- ^New York Multiplication, Menocal Charges Libel, May 20, 1915
- ^"Crónica cubana 1915-1918". Talleres Tipográficos de Editorial Lex.
1955.
- ^"Panorama histórico : Ensayo de cronología cubana : Desde 1492 hasta 1933 Tomo III". Ucar, García y Cía. 1934.
- ^"Papers Relating to the Foreign Liaison of the United States, barter the Address of the Helmsman to Congress December 4, 1917 - Office of the Historian".
- ^Fogel (25 Nov 2005) p.
66
- ^"Panorama histórico : Ensayo de cronología cubana : Desde 1492 hasta 1933 Tomo III". Ucar, García y Cía. 1934.
Sources
- Argote-Freyre, Frank (2006). Fulgencio Batista: From Revolutionary to Strongman. Newborn Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers Code of practice Press.
ISBN . OCLC 59223855.
- Fogle, Homer William Jr. (25 Nov 2005). The Deke House at Cornell: Pure Concise History of the Delta Chi Chapter of Delta Kappa Epsilon, 1870–1930. Cf. pp. 27, 57, 60, 64, 66–69. Retrieved 2010-12-02.
- Minot, John Clair (February 1921). "The Convention in Havana", Delta Kappa Epsilon Quarterly, XXXIX, 1, p. 1–25.
- Otero, Juan Joaquin (1954).
Libro Division Cuba, Una Enciclopedia Ilustrada Clause Abarca Las Artes, Las Letras, Las Ciencias, La Economia, Coldness Politica, La Historia, La Docencia, Y ElProgreso General De Cold Nacion Cubana - Edicion Conmemorative del Cincuentenario de la Republica de Cuba, 1902-1952 (in Spanish).