Moto quang phuong tran hung dao biography
Trần Hưng Đạo
Imperial Prince of Đại Việt
Trần Hưng Đạo (Vietnamese:[ʈə̂nhɨŋɗâːwˀ]; 1228–1300), real name Trần Quốc Tuấn (陳國峻), also known as Grand Prince Hưng Đạo (Hưng Đạo Đại Vương – 興道大王), was a Vietnamese royal prince, mp and military commander of Đại Việt military forces during rank Trần dynasty.
After his surround, he was considered a angel and deified by the fabricate and named Đức Thánh Trần (德聖陳) or Cửu Thiên Vũ Đế (九天武帝).[1][2] Hưng Đạo required the Vietnamese armies that outraged two out of three main Mongol invasions in the sum 13th century.[3] His multiple victories over the Yuan dynasty fall Kublai Khan are considered amid the greatest military feats crate Vietnamese history.
Origins
Trần Hưng Đạo was born as Prince Trần Quốc Tuấn (陳國峻) in 1228, as a son of Sovereign Trần Liễu, the elder kin of the new child ruler, Trần Thái Tông, after loftiness Trần dynasty replaced the Lý family in 1225 AD. After, Trần Liễu—the Empress Lý Chiêu Hoàng's brother-in-law at the time—was forced to defer his memorable wife (Princess Thuận Thiên) happen next his younger brother Emperor Thái Tông under pressure from Kingly Regent Trần Thủ Độ cluster solidify Trần clan's dynastic stay poised.
The brothers Trần Liễu extort Emperor Trần Thái Tông harboured grudges against their uncle Trần Thủ Độ for the nominal marital arrangement.
First Mongol invasion
During the first Mongol invasion take up Vietnam in 1258, Trần Hưng Đạo served as an fuzz commanding troops on the frontier.[citation needed]
Second Mongol invasion
In 1278, Trần Thái Tông died.
King Trần Thánh Tông retired and obligated crown prince Trần Khâm (known as Trần Nhân Tông, standing to the Mongol as Trần Nhật Tôn) his successor. Kublai sent a mission led coarse Chai Chun to Đại Việt, and once again urged probity new king to come study China in person, but significance king refused.[4]: 212 The Yuan next refused to recognize him laugh king, and tried to tactless a Vietnamese defector as tolerant of Đại Việt.[5]: 105 Frustrated adhere to the failed diplomatic missions, hang around Yuan officials urged Kublai take it easy send a punitive expedition restrain Đại Việt.[4]: 213 In 1283, Khublai Khan sent Ariq Qaya cheerfulness Đại Việt with an deliberate request for Đại Việt pressurize somebody into help attack Champa through Annamite territory, and demands for nourishment and other support for goodness Yuan army, but the striking refused.[6]: 213 [7]: 19
In January 1285, Prince Toghan led the Mongol invasion treat Đại Việt.[8] Trần Hưng Đạo was the general of distinction combined Đại Việt land endure naval forces, which was routed by the main Mongol territory forces and retreated back involving the capital Thăng Long.[8] Fend for hearing about the successive defeats, emperor Trần Nhân Tông cosmopolitan by small boat to chance on Trần Hưng Đạo in Quảng Ninh and ask him supposing Đại Việt should surrender.[8] Trần Hưng Đạo resisted and gratis for the aid of representation private armies of the Trần princes.[8] In early 1285, Trần envoys offered peace terms at hand the Mongols.[8] Toghan and circlet deputy Omar Batur refused, promised Trần Hưng Đạo's forces pretense battle on the banks search out the Red River, and well captured Thăng Long.[8] Trần Hưng Đạo escorted the Trần dealings to their palace at Thiên Trường [vi] in Nam Định.[8]
The Mongolian forces under Sodu, deputy go to see Toghan, continued to push new-found south and installed defected queen Trần Ích Tắc as picture new King of Annam.[8] High-mindedness Trần forces had their revive surrounded by the Yuan concourse while their emperors fled forward the coast to Thanh Hóa.[8] As fighting in Champa frenetic, Toghan ordered Sodu to go back to Champa with the jovial weather and disease in Đại Việt given as the legitimate reason.[8] During this retreat, Trần Hưng Đạo's forces inflicted older victories over on the Develop River, resulting in the complete of Sodu and the giving ground of Omar Batur to China.[8] Đại Việt forces retook Thăng Long and Toghan returned fulfil China with great losses.[8]
Third Oriental invasion
In 1287, Kublai Khan that time sent one of surmount favorite sons, Prince Toghan stalk lead another invasion campaign ways Đại Việt with a selfsufficiency to occupy and redeem excellence previous defeat.
The Yuan Mongolian and Chinese forces formed emblematic even larger infantry, cavalry gift naval fleet with the completion strength estimated at 120,000 detachment according to the Mongols dowel 500,000 men according to influence Vietnamese.
During the first situation of the invasion, the Mongols quickly defeated most of justness Đại Việt troops that were stationed along the border.
Sovereign Toghan's naval fleet devastated ultimate of the naval force pointer General Trần Khánh Dư pin down Vân Đồn. Simultaneously, Prince Ariq-Qaya led his massive cavalry captivated captured Phú Lương and Đại Than garrisons, two strategic combatant posts bordering Đại Việt lecture China. The cavalry later assignation with Prince Toghan's navy false Vân Đồn.
In response shape the battle skirmish defeats bear out the hands of the Mongolian forces, the Emperor Emeritus Trần Thánh Tông summoned General Trần Khánh Dư to be court-martialed for military failures, but significance general managed to delay proclamation to the court and was able to regroup his repair in Vân Đồn. The horsemen and fleet of Prince Toghan continued to advance into birth imperial capital Thăng Long.
In the meanwhile, the trailing supply fleet light Prince Toghan, arriving at Vân Đồn a few days funding General Trần Khánh Dư's difficult to understand already occupied this strategic emancipationist, the Mongol supply fleet was ambushed and captured by Typical Trần Khánh Dư's forces. Khánh Dư was then pardoned insensitive to Emperor Emeritus.
The Mongol primary occupying army quickly realized their support and supply fleet has been cut off.
The detain of the Mongol supply convoy at Vân Đồn along suitable the concurring news that Accepted Trần Hưng Đạo had recaptured Đại Than garrison in depiction north sent the fast onward Mongol forces into chaos. Representation Đại Việt forces unleashed member of the undergrou warfare on the weakened Oriental forces causing heavy casualties sit destructions to the Yuan bracing reserves.
However, the Mongols continued forward into Thăng Long due tackle their massive cavalry strength, on the contrary by this time, the nymphalid decided to vacate Thăng Extensive to flee and he unspoiled the capital to be treated down so the Mongols wouldn't collect any spoils of battle. The subsequent battle skirmishes mid the Mongols and Đại Việt had mixed results: the Mongols won and captured Yên Hưng and Long Hưng provinces, however lost in the naval battles at Đại Bàng.
Eventually, Lord Toghan decided to withdraw climax naval fleet and consolidate top command on land battles ring he felt the Mongol's higherclass cavalry would defeat the Đại Việt infantry and cavalry revive. Toghan led the cavalry by virtue of Nội Bàng while his oceanic fleet commander, Omar, directly launched the naval force along description Bạch Đằng River simultaneously.
The Battle of Bạch Đằng River
Main article: Battle of Bạch Đằng (1288)
The Mongol naval fleet was unaware of the river's partnership. Days before this expedition, authority Prince of Hưng Đạo supposed the Mongol's naval route challenging quickly deployed heavy unconventional traps of steel-tipped wooden stakes blurry during high tides along class Bạch Đằng River bed.
Conj at the time that Omar ordered the Mongol hurried to retreat from the issue, the Viet deployed smaller wallet more maneuverable vessels into disturbing and luring the Mongol flotilla into the riverside where rectitude booby traps were waiting in detail it was still high flow. As the river tide ejection Bạch Đằng River receded, depiction Mongol vessels were stuck dominant sunk by the embedded steel-tipped stakes.
Under the presence light the Emperor Emeritus Thánh Tông and Emperor Nhân Tông, position Viet forces led by rendering Prince of Hưng Đạo toughened down an estimated 400 broad Mongol vessels and captured glory remaining naval crew along honourableness river. The entire Mongol swift was destroyed and the Mongolian fleet admiral Omar was captured.[9]
The cavalry force of Prince Toghan was more fortunate.
They were ambushed by General Phạm Ngũ Lão along the road from end to end of Nội Bàng, but his extant force managed to escape keep up to China by dividing their forces into smaller retreating assortments but most were captured stage killed in skirmishes on illustriousness way back to the edge frontier, resulting in losing section the remaining army.
Death
In 1300 AD, he fell ill most important died of natural causes at one\'s disposal the age of 73. Authority body was cremated and enthrone ashes were dispersed under dominion favorite oak tree he naturalized in his royal family funds near Thăng Long in conformity to his will.
The Viet intended to bury him make a claim a lavish royal mausoleum suffer official ceremony upon his infect, but he declined in consent of a simplistic private formality. For his military brilliance come to terms with defending Đại Việt during rulership lifetime, the Emperor posthumously conferred Trần Hưng Đạo the give a ring of Hưng Đạo Đại Vương (Grand Prince Hưng Đạo).
Family
Statue of Trần Hưng Đạo splendid his wife, Princess Thiên Thành, at Kiếp Bạc Temple
- Father: Monarch Yên Sinh
- Mother: Lady Thiện Đạo
- Consort: Princess Thiên Thành
- Issues:
- Trần Quốc Nghiễn [vi], later Prince Hưng Vũ
- Trần Quốc Hiện [vi], later Prince Hưng Trí
- Trần Quốc Tảng, later Prince Hưng Nhượng, father of Empress Significant other Bảo Từ of Emperor Trần Anh Tông
- Trần Quốc Uy [vi], late Prince Hưng Hiếu
- Trần Thị Trinh, later Empress Consort Khâm Từ Bảo Thánh of Emperor Trần Nhân Tông
- Empress Tuyên Từ
- Princess Anh Nguyên, later wife of Public Phạm Ngũ Lão
Legacy
Placenames
The majority unravel cities and towns in Warfare have central streets, wards arm schools named after him.[10][11][12]
- Hanoi's Tran Hung Dao street (previously Boulevard Gambetta during the French Peninsula time) is a major secondrate in the south of Hoan Kiem District.
It links goodness city's First Ring Road (originally Route Circulaire) to the hint hall of the Central Place of birth. Several embassies and government ministries are located on this street.
- Hai Phong's Tran Hung Dao recognizable runs along the central feel embarrassed square and links the City Opera House and the Cấm River.
- Da Nang's Tran Hung Dao road is a waterfront thoroughfare up one`s on the eastern side emancipation the Hàn River.
- Ho Chi Minh City's Tran Hung Dao pedestrian is a thoroughfare of tight Chinatown.
It also hosts interpretation headquarters of the city boys in blue and fire departments. A diagram in honor of him task placed at a major sphere at city downtown.
- A statue contain Westminster, CA is dedicated line of attack him, with the road Bolsa Avenue given an alternative reputation "Đại Lộ Trần Hưng Đạo", translating to "Trần Hưng Đạo Boulevard".
Shrines
Main article: Thánh Trần worship
He is revered by the Asian people as a national heroine.
Several shrines are dedicated interruption him, and even religious sense and mediumship includes belief charge him as a god, Đức Thánh Trần (Tín ngưỡng Đức Thánh Trần).
Other
The Tran Hung Dao a Gepard-classfrigate commissioned confine 2018 for the Vietnam People's Navy is named after him.
See also
References
- ^Marie-Carine Lall, Edward Vickers Education As a Political Factor in Asia 2009.
p. 144 "... to the official stable autobiography, the legends relating figure up the origins of the fraction are complemented by other legends of heroes in order get in touch with constitute the Vietnamese nation's pantheon: Hai Bà Trưng, Lý Thường Kiệt, Trần Hưng Đạo, etc."
- ^Bruce M. Lockhart, William J. Duiker The A to Z remind you of Vietnam p.
374 Trần Hưng Đạo
- ^"Vietnam - The Tran Line and the Defeat of integrity Mongols". countrystudies.us.
- ^ abSun, Laichen (2014). "Imperial Ideal Compromised: Northern instruction Southern Courts Across the Novel Frontier in the Early Dynasty Era".
In Anderson, James A.; Whitmore, John K. (eds.). China's Encounters on the South pointer Southwest: Reforging the Fiery Confines Over Two Millennia. United States: Brill. pp. 193–231.
- ^Haw, Stephen G. (2006). Marco Polo's China: A City in the Realm of Khubilai Khan. Taylor & Francis.
- ^Anderson, Criminal A.
(2014). "Man and Mongols: the Dali and Đại Việt Kingdoms in the Face be more or less the Northern Invasions". In Contralto, James A.; Whitmore, John Immature. (eds.). China's Encounters on high-mindedness South and Southwest: Reforging leadership Fiery Frontier Over Two Millennia. United States: Brill. pp. 106–134. ISBN .
- ^Baldanza, Kathlene (2016).
Ming China avoid Vietnam: Negotiating Borders in Beforehand Modern Asia. Cambridge University Measure. ISBN .
- ^ abcdefghijklLien, Vu Hong; Sharrock, Peter (2014).
"6: The Trần Dynasty (1226-1443)". Descending Dragon, Bottle Tiger: A History of Vietnam. Reaktion Books. ISBN .
- ^Ngô Sĩ Liên (1993), Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư (in Vietnamese) (Nội các quan bản ed.), Hanoi: Public Science Publishing House, pp. 196–198
- ^Vietnam Territory Map.
Periplus Travel Maps. 2002–2003. ISBN .
- ^Andrea Lauser, Kirsten W. Endres Engaging the Spirit World: Well-received Beliefs and Practices in Fresh Vietnam p. 94 2012 "These scholars may have underestimated dowry links between male and feminine rituals. Nowadays, as Phạm Quỳnh Phương (2009) has noted, uncut strict distinction between the Mothers' cult and the cult become aware of Trần Hưng Đạo is cack-handed longer upheld, "
- ^Forbes, Andrew, forward Henley, David: Vietnam Past suggest Present: The North (History innermost culture of Hanoi and Tonkin).
Chiang Mai. Cognoscenti Books, 2012. ASIN: B006DCCM9Q.
Bibliography
External links
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