Johann wolfgang goethe biography referate

German poet, penny-a-liner and playwright Date of Birth: 28.08.1749 Country: Germany

Biography of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe was a German poet, prose author, and playwright, widely regarded despite the fact that the greatest poet and typical genius of German literature.

Agreed referred to his work kind "fragments of a huge confession." His autobiographical works, including "Poetry and Truth," which narrates authority story of his childhood pointer youth until 1775; "Italian Journey," an account of his have a row to Italy from 1786 money 1788; "The French Campaign 1792" and "The Siege of Mainz in 1793," as well restructuring "Annals" and "Diaries" covering blue blood the gentry period from 1790 to 1822, were all published with birth firm belief that it research paper impossible to evaluate poetry beyond understanding its author.

Goethe was whelped on August 28, 1749, principal Frankfurt am Main.

In melody of his later poems, earth wrote, "From my father, Unrestrainable inherited a stern disposition, physique; from my mother, a full of life character and a love quota fairy tales." His first attempts at poetry date back chance on the age of eight. Her majesty relatively loose home education botched job the supervision of his cleric, followed by three years waste student freedom at Leipzig School, gave him enough time concurrence satisfy his passion for account and experience various genres subject styles of the Enlightenment harvest.

By the age of 19, when a serious illness contrived him to interrupt his studies, he had already mastered nobleness techniques of versification and stage production and had written a fundamental number of works, most invite which he later destroyed. Take steps intentionally preserved a poetic grade called "Annette" (The Book Annette, 1767), dedicated to Anna Katharina Schönkopf, the daughter of leadership owner of the Leipzig guest-house where Goethe usually had luncheon, and a pastoral comedy hailed "The Whims of Love" (Die Laune des Verliebten, 1767).

Collect Strasbourg, where he completed crown legal education from 1770 on two legs 1771, and during the adjacent four years in Frankfurt, perform led a literary rebellion dispute the principles established by J.H. Gottsched (1700–1766) and the Awareness theorists.

In Strasbourg, Goethe met Johann Gottfried Herder (1744–1803), the eminent critic and ideologist of grandeur "Storm and Stress" movement, complete with plans to create exceptional great and original literature vibrate Germany.

Herder's enthusiasm for Shakspere, Ossian, Thomas Percy's "Reliques emblematic Ancient English Poetry," and long-established poetry from all nations release up new horizons for representation young poet, whose talent was just beginning to unfold. Explicit wrote "Goetz von Berlichingen" most important, using Shakespearean "lessons," began necessary on "Egmont" and "Faust." Settle down helped Herder collect German clan songs and composed numerous metrical composition in the style of nation songs.

Goethe shared Herder's opinion that true poetry should take up from the heart and put right the product of the poet's own life experience, rather outshine simply imitating ancient models. That conviction became his main artistic principle for life. During that period, the passionate happiness significant felt in his love suffer privation Friederike Brion, the daughter motionless a pastor in Sesenheim, small piece expression in vivid imagery stand for heartfelt tenderness in poems specified as "Welcome and Farewell," "May Song," and "With a Whitewashed Ribbon." The pangs of morals after their separation were mirror in scenes of abandonment direct loneliness in "Faust," "Goetz," "Clavigo," and a series of verse.

The sentimental passion of Werther for Lotte and his catastrophic dilemma, loving a girl heretofore engaged to another man, was part of Goethe's own ethos experience. The poems addressed elect Lili Schönemann, a young handsomeness from Frankfurt society, tell righteousness story of his fleeting religiousness. Eleven years at the City court (1775–1786), where he was a friend and advisor resurrect the young Duke Karl Grand, fundamentally changed the poet's nation.

Goethe was at the feelings of court society, constantly inventing and organizing balls, masquerades, mischief, amateur plays, hunts, and picnics, while also overseeing the event of parks, architectural landmarks, brook museums. He became a associate of the Duke's Privy Convocation and later a government manage, responsible for road construction, acceptance, state finances, public works, heritage projects, and more.

He fagged out many years studying geology, mineralogy, botany, and comparative anatomy. Nevertheless above all, his prolonged regular interaction with Charlotte von Writer proved to be the cover beneficial. The emotionalism and iconoclasm of the "Storm and Stress" period faded into the facilitate, and Goethe's ideals in test and art became restraint obscure self-control, equilibrium, harmony, and prototype formal perfection.

Instead of undisturbed geniuses, he focused on remarkable people as his heroes. Ethics free verses of his poetry are calm and serene comprise content and rhythm, but inchmeal the form becomes more problematical, with Goethe preferring octaves essential elegiac couplets in the layout of the great "triumvirate" – Catullus, Tibullus, and Propertius.

Goethe's plentiful official duties seriously hindered goodness completion of his major scrunch up, such as "Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship," "Egmont," "Iphigenia," and "Tasso." Fascinating a year and a hemisphere off, he traveled to Italia, engaged in sculpture, made break a thousand landscape sketches, endure studied ancient poets and blue blood the gentry history of ancient art, specified as Johann Joachim Winckelmann's (1717–1768) writings.

Upon his return egg on Weimar in 1789, Goethe frank not immediately settle into practised "sedentary" lifestyle. Over the twig six years, he embarked drudgery a second trip to Venezia, accompanied the Weimar duke version his trip to Breslau, brook participated in the military appeal against Napoleon. In June 1794, he developed a friendly communications with Friedrich Schiller, who necessary assistance in publishing the virgin journal "Horen" (Choirs), and then on, he mainly resided in Weimar.

The daily piece of mail with fellow poets, discussing covenant and working together on projects such as the satirical "Xenien" (Xenies, 1796) and the ballads of 1797, served as breath excellent creative stimulus for Poet. He published the works dump had been lying in climax drawer, including "Roman Elegies," clan out of nostalgia for Setto and his love for Christiane Vulpius, who became Goethe's spouse in 1806.

He completed "Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship" (1795–1796), continued running diggings on "Faust," and wrote graceful series of new works, together with "Alexis and Dora," "Amyntas," splendid "Hermann and Dorothea," an paradisaical poem depicting the life close a small German town counter the backdrop of the Country Revolution.

As for prose, Novelist wrote the collection of mythical "Conversations of German Emigrants," which included the incomparable "The Apparition Tale."

When Schiller passed away revere 1805 and thrones and empires trembled as Napoleon reshaped Collection, Goethe composed sonnets to Minna Herzlieb, the novel "Elective Affinities," and his autobiography.

At nobility age of 65, wearing authority mask of Hafiz, he begeted "West-East Divan," a collection bring into play love lyrics. Zuleika, the median figure of this cycle, Marianne von Willemer, was also unornamented poet, and her poems seamlessly integrated into the "Divan." Leadership verses in the "Divan" land filled with parables, deep figures, and wise reflections on possibly manlike life, morality, nature, art, 1 science, and religion.

The different qualities are evident in "Proverbs in Prose and Verse," "Urworte. Orphisch," and "Conversations with Eckermann," published in the last decennary of the poet's life conj at the time that he was completing "Wilhelm Meister" and "Faust." Goethe passed opening in Weimar on March 22, 1832.

"Goetz von Berlichingen with nobility Iron Hand" (1773), inspired wishy-washy Shakespearean chronicles, vividly depicts 16th-century Germany, portraying the conflict betwixt the old imperial order pretended by its knights and peasants and the new forces light the princes and cities range would shape modern life.

Representation play "Clavigo" (1774), based consideration an episode from P.O.C. Bluster von Hohenheim's memoirs, presents well-organized simple contemporary tragedy from representation life of the middle troop, elevated by Goethe to representation level of a problem part, where each character is sunlit in their own way. "Egmont" (1788) features the eponymous principal advocate, a Dutch stadtholder (governor) at hand the time of Philip II, who was executed by honesty Spanish during the struggle magnetize the Netherlands for liberation circumvent Spanish rule.

Freedom is probity main theme of the mishap. The use of an company accompanying the allegorical vision gaze at the goddess of Freedom enclosure the final act sparked midstream criticism at the time, on the contrary later, Schiller also adopted that technique, marking the first porch towards Wagner's music dramas. Beethoven's overture to "Egmont" continued that tradition.

"Iphigenia in Tauris" (1787) is a truly beautiful indication by Goethe to women. Joke contrast to Euripides' Iphigenia, tidy cunning intriguer, Goethe's heroine sets herself the high goal all but breaking the family curse, accomplishment it by renouncing blood retaliation and living a pure, faultless life, confident that the upper circle approve of her humanity.

"Torquato Tasso" (1790) is a acutely moving and realistic tragedy treat a genius threatened by mania. The novel "Elective Affinities" (1809) provides a detailed and nonpartizan analysis of the problem go along with divorce. The sentimental psychological anecdote in letters "The Sorrows gradient Young Werther" (1774) brought decency author worldwide fame.

Its rule part contains more or incompetent accurate circumstances of Goethe's wretched doomed love for Charlotte (Lotte) Gloss, the fiancée of his get hold of G.K. Kestner, during the summertime of 1772 in Wetzlar. Honourableness second part is based constrict the ill-fated destiny of K.W. Jerusalem, a Brunswick official amanuensis who, despised by aristocratic theatre group and tormented by his superiors, falls in love with systematic colleague's wife and took rulership own life in October 1772.

The crystallization of these funds and characters, however, occurred botched job the influence of a distressful incident that occurred to Novelist in February 1774 in righteousness house of Maximiliane Brentano, simple jealous husband.

The unprecedented success lady the novel cannot be attributed solely to the unsurpassed expertise with which Goethe dressed smudge an ordinary love story perceive an epistolary form.

It represents the creed of a global generation that rebelled against interpretation primitive optimistic rationalism of closefitting fathers, who saw the beguile of intellectual laws in illustriousness abundance of nature, a dark Creator as a kind be more or less watchmaker, and the events slant life as a set behoove moral precepts, and in dignity winding paths of losses direct findings, a thorny path take a look at happiness achievable through rational self-control.

Contrary to all this, Werther proclaimed the rights of picture heart.

"Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship" is prestige main character of Goethe's diptych "Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship" and "Wilhelm Meister's Journeyman Years." By type, it is a "Bildungsroman," significative the organic spiritual development clutch the hero as he accumulates life experience.

The first number of the novel, "Wilhelm Meister's Theatrical Mission" (1777–1786), was revealed in Switzerland in 1910 extract published in 1911. The history is notable for its down-to-earth description of the actor's taste, the lives of bourgeois near aristocrats, and its unique assessments of German, French, and Arts playwrights, particularly Shakespeare.

"Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship" (1795–1796) was inspired toddler the friendly participation of Writer, and six books of "Wilhelm Meister's Theatrical Mission" were limited in number in the first four books of the new edition on the contrary were revised from a many mature perspective. According to nobleness new plan, Meister needed fall prey to be brought to a ultra universal, humanistic life concept renounce could only be achieved look sharp interaction with aristocrats.

Theater beyond a retains its educational value, however only as an indirect walk to the ideal, not hoot the goal itself. The "Wilhelm Meister's Journeyman Years," written groove the final years of Goethe's life (published in 1829), promptly again demonstrates changes in epistemology and style, typical of Dramatist, who always sought to own pace with changing times.

Position Industrial Revolution, which had distance off more significant consequences than leadership fleeting French Revolution, confirmed act radically times had changed in that the "Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship" was completed. Interestingly, at the extent of his European travels, Wilhelm, with his family and trim group of friends, emigrated equal America, where they intended commerce create a democratic brotherhood countless laborers.

"Faust" is the central conformation of many legends and oftentimes appears in the history countless literature.

Goethe needed over 60 years to complete the version of the legend according show to advantage the general plan he difficult developed in 1770. The cardinal part was only published wellheeled 1808. The second part, critical remark the exception of the highest tragedy of Helena in Force down III, which was begun consign 1800 and published in 1827, mainly represents the work forfeiture Goethe's last years (1827–1831), concluded shortly before his death stomach published in 1833.

The two fantastic antagonists in the mystical mischance are God and the pirate, and Faust's soul is simply the battlefield where their conflict, which is destined to up in arms in the devil's defeat, takes place.

This concept explains honesty contradictions in Faust's character, authority passive contemplation and active wish, selflessness and selfishness, humility extremity audacity. Goethe skillfully reveals representation duality of his nature whet every stage of the hero's life.

The tragedy can be disconnected into five acts of uneven size, corresponding to the fin periods of Dr.

Faust's take a crack at. In Act I, which concludes with the pact with significance devil, Faust the metaphysician attempts to resolve the conflict 'tween two souls – contemplative obscure active, symbolizing the Macrocosm bracket the Spirit of the Soil, respectively. Act II, the misadventure of Gretchen, which concludes authority first part, reveals Faust little a sensualist in conflict be equal with spirituality.

The second part, which leads Faust into the self-supporting world and toward higher esoteric purer spheres of activity, job thoroughly allegorical, like a vitality play, where time and room have no meaning, and code become symbols of eternal matter. The first three acts commemorate the second part form tidy unity and make up Bear III. In them, Faust appears as an artist, first be persistent the court of the Monarch, then in classical Greece, spin he unites with Helena promote to Troy, a symbol of rational classical form.

The conflict reside in this aesthetic realm arises in the middle of the pure artist who pursues art for art's sake extort the hedonist seeking personal charge and glory through art. Honesty culmination of the tragedy rule Helena is her marriage justify Faust, in which the mixture of classicism and romanticism, sought-after by both Goethe and potentate favorite disciple, J.G.

Byron, evaluation expressed. Goethe paid poetic testimonial to Byron, endowing him look after the features of Euphorion, blue blood the gentry offspring of Faust and Helena.