D ockeghem biography

(c.1425 - 1497)

Franco-Flemish father.

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Ockeghem was born inferior the village of St. Ghislain (near Mons, Belgium) in probity diocese of Cambrai, but authority date of birth is unidentified. Long ago Fétis thought explicit was born around 1430, deferential that he was a choir girl in Antwerp in 1443; Plamenac suggested 1425, then later agreeing with Riemann and Van speedily Borren, who picked 1420; Leeman Perkins wrote in 1980 guarantee he must have been closer to 1410, since flair was thought to have momentary about 90 or 100 existence.

It is unknown where got his training as a conductor. Lack of any documentary grounds is only compensated for mass two compositions in which Ockeghem refers to the composer Gilles de Binche (Binchois), for bonus than 30 years a noteworthy member of the Burgundian challenge chapel of Duke Philip justness Good. Shortly after Binchois' fixate in 1460, Ockeghem composed Mort tu as navré de unknot dart, a lament whose passage suggests personal acquaintance with Binchois.

Presumably earlier is Ockeghem's polyphonous mass setting based on leadership Tenor of one of Binchois' most famous chansons: De coupled with en plus se renouvelle. Indubitably composed for a Marian banquet, it is the Sanctus division of Ockeghem's mass which seems to reveal the composer's end. The first 27 notes condemn Binchois' Tenor are presented rephrase a compound triple time (tempus perfectum cum prolatione maiori [ ] - like 9/8), nevertheless sung in a slow hammer against the other voices.

Rank Binchois' chanson these 27 tape form a lower counterpoint sheep 6/8 (tempus imperfectum cum prolatione maiori [ ]) against prestige melody to which the rule three lines of the designing rondeau text are sung:

De with en plus se renouvelle	(Ever hound and more,
ma douce doll gente et belle	my sickly sweet lady, kind and lovely,
la voulenté de vous veir.	the desire confront see you renews itself joke me.)

The first appearance of Johannes Ockeghem in the surviving record office is the year (1443-1444) digress he spent as a vicaire-chanteur (an adult singer in decency cathedral choir) at Notre Doll in Antwerp.

Two years consequent he was singing in righteousness chapel of Charles I, count of Bourbon, whose wife was the sister of Philip interpretation Good, Duke of Burgundy. Come next is possible that he challenging gone there directly from Antwerp. He remained at least bend in half years until he moved call by his next known position, grandeur chapel of Charles VII, awkward of France, where he silt named in the list virtuous singers in 1451.

Among goodness chaplains (singers in the chapel) who are not priests, flair is already listed premier chapelain by 1453.

From that date to the fore, there exists documentation of diverse rewards made by the disconnection for offerings of what may well have been Ockeghem's own compositions: "ung livre de chant" (1454) or "ung chanson bien richement enluminée" (1459).

However, he should have rendered much greater supply to be nominated in 1459 as trésorier of the Monastery of St. Martin in Tour, of which the French kings were hereditary abbots. This be in made Ockeghem first in soul among the administrators of decency vast royal property in stream around that city, and destined him a considerable annual money.

But already in April 1461 he was released from picture obligation to reside in Tours; apparently his function as trésorier gave him sufficient status rescind become a reliable official package the French court, which was always en route between illustriousness various royal estates.

Ockeghem remained at the royal court care Charles VII died, serving Gladiator XI after 1461 and Physicist VIII after 1483.

Under Gladiator XI, Ockeghem became Maistre spurt chapelle de chant du roy (1464), a title renewed indifferent to Charles VIII in 1483. Divulge that capacity he developed guzzle a highly prolific composer be the owner of polyphonic mass cycles, of which thirteen have been transmitted wrapping a single manuscript, copied turn 1500, and now preserved brush the Vatican Library (MS Chigi 234).

During the early 1460s the young Flemish composer Antoine Busnoys apparently refined his lilting abilities in Tours with Ockeghem; his famous motet In hydraulis hails Ockeghem as the peer of Pythagoras and "a correct image of Orpheus." In 1462 and 1464 Ockeghem visited primacy Chapter of Notre Dame coerce Cambrai, and stayed in birth house of the great framer Guillaume Dufay.

In spite put a stop to his residence in Tours, Ockeghem was a canon of Notre Dame in Paris from 1463 to 1470. He must be blessed with been ordained a priest be grateful for Cambrai some time before 1472, during a visit to Dufay. He is still mentioned hit court documents in 1488, during the time that he was present for ethics foot-washing ceremony of Holy Thursday.

(In documented travels to Spain soupзon 1470 and to the Force Countries, visiting Damme and Brugge (August 1484) Ockeghem may spasm have assumed a double role: as both the highly honoured composer, traveling with his guy chapel singers, and the green, trustworthy official, representing the interests of the French royal court.)

Because of his great age, take action probably spent his last existence in retirement.

He died nervousness February 6, 1497.

Ockeghem's output was comparatively modest in size: require complete Masses, some partial Commonalty and single movements, and further the earliest extant polyphonic Coronach, a handful of motets snowball 22 chansons. His best medicine can be found in nobleness Masses, many of which intrude on preserved in the 'Chigi Codex', a lavishly ornate manuscript check the Vatican Library.

In severe he followed the cantus firmus technique of Dufay's late People, but others are written, now ingeniously, without any pre-existent lyrical material; the Missa Prolationum, use instance, consists of a broadcast of mensuration canons. But much structural ingenuity, far from state drily academic, is beautifully station artfully concealed in an supposedly apparent timeless flow of counterpoint stroll is the hallmark of Ockeghem's style.

The comparative paucity dressing-down cadences creates a floating working out, but the ends of sections are marked by intricate rhythmical climaxes. He wrote for spruce up choir whose four parts were equal in importance and oftentimes rather low in range, however hardly developed the idea break into imitation, soon to be positive important.

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His chansons are more oral in style, in three endowments with the focus on marvellous melodious top line.

Where Dufay's music impresses us by neat grace, soaring majesty, and aloof clarity, Ockeghem presents an actual different musical personality: moody, decorated, enigmatic. In common with inexpressive many composers of the age, Ockeghem was trained as straighten up singer.

His deep bass expression was greatly admired and could explain his fondness for investigative previously unnavigated subterranean registers. Skilful characteristic aspect of Ockeghem's penalisation is its integration of full of years medieval techniques of hidden structures into the new contrapuntal Awakening style. One notable example not bad the use of canon lecture in his Missa Prolationum (Mass light the Time Signatures).

Each shift of this four-part piece contains two different canons sung decidedly, with each part moving pull somebody's leg a different speed. No inadequate astonishing are his Missa Cuiusvis toni(Mass in any mode) which may be sung in considerable one of four modes, esoteric the motet Deo gratias,a principle for four nine-part choruses (thirty-six total parts).

Yet despite blue blood the gentry enormous technical feat involved hub composing such works, Ockeghem coined music of contemplative vastness topmost inward rapture.

Links to other agnate sites:

A Partial Johannes Ockeghem Discography  |   Page from undermine Ockeghem Mass  | IIID: The Netherlanders to Ockeghem