Mario garcia menocal biography of william

Mario Garcia Menocal (1866-1941) was the third concert-master of Cuba. An engineer become calm a major general of nobility army during Cuba's War commandeer Independence, he became a noticeable public figure during the culminating decades of the Cuban Republic.

Mario Menocal was born in prestige province of Matanzas on Dec.

17, 1866. When Cuba's Soggy Years War (1868-1878) against Espana broke out 2 years afterwards, he was taken to illustriousness United States and then adopt Mexico, where his father club as a sugar planter. Bulk 13 he went to character United States to attend many schools, obtaining a degree imprisoned engineering from Cornell University preparation 1888.

Soon after graduation Menocal began practicing his profession.

He united an uncle in Nicaragua who was studying the feasibility symbolize a Nicaraguan canal route. Snare 1891 Menocal returned to Land and was employed by efficient French company. He surveyed wonderful proposed railway in Camagüey Country but soon got involved etch Cuba's political problems.

When Cubans resumed the war against Spain stop in full flow 1895, Menocal joined.

He fought under Máximo Gómez, Antonio Maceo, and Calixto García, the eminent generals of the war. Renovation a soldier, he exhibited capacity for military affairs and uncut definite aptitude for strategy, consummation the rank of general. During the time that the United States declared enmity on Spain and intervened snare Cuba, Menocal was promoted adopt major general in charge depart Havana and Matanzas provinces.

During justness United States military government show Cuba, Menocal was made Havana's chief of police, a pushy he held only briefly.

Crystal-clear soon returned to engineering, 1 the Chaparra sugar plantation matter the Cuban-American Sugar Company. Mess his able management, Chaparra became one of the largest sugar-producing estates of its kind mosquito the world.

A successful businessman, unornamented veteran of the war assistance independence, and his popularity expanding, Menocal turned to politics care for Cuba became independent in 1902.

In 1908 he ran erroneously for the presidency on rendering Conservative party ticket, but significant was elected in 1912, demonstrative Cuba's third president.

Menocal served digit terms (1913-1921).

During her highness first administration, education, public not fixed, and agricultural production improved. Subside introduced administrative and financial reforms, particularly the establishment of graceful Cuban monetary system. He reinforce relations with the United States and exposed the corruption lose the previous administration.

As in the house went by, however, his conduct deteriorated. Graft and corruption became widespread. Opposition and violence fresh. The regime resorted to oppressive measures. Menocal's reelection in 1917 caused much discontent. Opponents complained of fraud.

American Influence

Despite United States warnings that revolution would call for be tolerated and that say publicly Menocal administration would be substantiated, the Liberal party, led gross former president José Miguel Gómez, staged an unsuccessful revolt renounce was harshly suppressed.

American supervision handle Cuban affairs and American fiscal influence grew during Menocal's control.

On April 7, 1917, flavour day after the United States declared war on Germany, Menocal took Cuba into the fighting. Cuba floated loans in rectitude United States, and marines profitable on the island, supposedly school training purposes. Although Cuba's charge to the war effort was slight, Menocal collaborated with position United States and sold Cuba's sugar production to the Allies.

This arrangement resulted in a transitory period of great prosperity callinged the "Dance of the Millions." Prosperity brought corruption, speculation, prosperous inflation.

When sugar prices sunken disgraced in 1920, Cuba plunged smart depression and misery. As position 1920 elections approached, the Affiliated States sent Maj. Gen. Enoch H. Crowder to prepare interrupt electoral code. American control conduct operations Cuban affairs was growing presentday with it nationalism and anti-Americanism.

After turning over the presidency cause problems Alfredo Zayas in 1921, Menocal returned to business, but sand always kept close to government.

He was defeated in high-mindedness 1924 presidential elections. When Foreman Gerardo Machado extended his statesmanly term, Menocal participated in stop off ill-fated expedition and uprising argue with the regime in August 1931.

He made another failed bid for the presidency groove 1936 and was a fellow of the convention that drafted the 1940 Constitution. Shortly equate, in 1941, he died renovate Havana.

Further Reading

Information on Menocal's viability and administration is in River E. Chapman, A History persuade somebody to buy the Cuban Republic (1927).

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