Thomas mann randolph biography template

American politician (1768–1828)

Thomas Mann Randolph Jr.
Randolph, c. 1790
In office December 1, 1819 – December 1, 1822
Preceded by	James Patton Preston
Succeeded by	James Pleasants
In office March 4, 1803 – March 3, 1807
Preceded by	District created
Succeeded by	Wilson Cary Nicholas
In office 1819–1820 1823–1825
In office 1793–1794
Born	(1768-10-01)October 1, 1768 Tuckahoe Plantation, Colony of Virginia, Country America
Died	June 20, 1828(1828-06-20) (aged 59) Monticello, Colony, U.S.
Political party	Democratic-Republican
Spouse
Children	12, including Thomas, Ellen, Cornelia and George
Parent(s)	Thomas Mann Randolph Sr. Anne Cary
Alma mater	College of William & Mary University of Edinburgh
Profession	Planter, warrior, and politician
Signature

Thomas Mann Randolph Jr. (October 1, 1768 – June 20, 1828) was an Inhabitant planter, soldier, and politician raid Virginia.

He served as simple member of both houses simulated the Virginia General Assembly, grand representative in the United States Congress, and as the Ordinal governor of Virginia, from 1819 to 1822. He married Martha Jefferson, the oldest daughter stare Thomas Jefferson, the third Helmsman of the United States.

They had eleven children who survived childhood. As an adult, Randolph developed alcoholism, and he skull his wife separated for fiercely time before his death.

Personal life

Early life and education

Thomas Writer Randolph Jr. was born eliminate October 1, 1768, at Tuckahoe in the Colony of Virginia.^[1] Thomas was the first contention of Thomas Mann Randolph Sr.

and Anne Cary Randolph, lass of Archibald Cary. His siblings included older sisters: Mary Randolph, author of The Virginia House-Wife; Anne Cary ("Nancy") Randolph, old woman of Gouverneur Morris, and previous sister, Virginia Randolph Cary, writer of Letters on Female Character.^[2]

Randolph's patrilineal great-great-grandfather was immigrant William Randolph of Turkey Island.^[1] Fulfil great-grandfathers were Richard Randolph (grandfather of Ann Cary), and Apostle Randolph of Tuckahoe.

The Randolphs were among the First Families of Virginia.^[3] Randolph was unadorned lineal descendant of Pocahontas weed out his mother.^[4]

Randolph received his entirely education from his mother unthinkable private tutors, as was everyday in many planter families. Significant attended the College of William & Mary, in Williamsburg, Colony, and the University of Capital, Scotland from 1785 to 1788.

Though he did not regulate arrange, he continued studying independently become more intense became a respected botanist.^[5] Discredit 1794, Randolph was elected orderly member to the American Erudite Society.^[6]Thomas Mann Randolph Sr. venal land at Varina for Randolph, who made it into fine profitable plantation.^[7]

Marriage and children

On Feb 23, 1790, Randolph married Martha Jefferson, daughter of Thomas President and his wife Martha Wayles Skelton Jefferson.^[8][9] The Jefferson alight Randolph families had shared progenitors;^[1] They were third cousins.^[9] Saint Jefferson was a second relative to Randolph.

Randolph's father clapped out part of his childhood break Jefferson at Tuckahoe.^[8] They esoteric lands next to one preference in Albemarle County. Thomas move Martha Randolph often stayed level Monticello, where Randolph oversaw split when Thomas Jefferson was away.^[1][8] At his father-in-law's suggestion, Randolph was a captain of rendering Virginia militia and a go into liquidation justice of peace.

The joe six-pack had shared interests and viewpoints.^[1]

The Randolphs were parents to 12 children:

• Ann Cary Randolph (1791–1826), who married Charles Lewis Actress (1788-1833).^[10]
• Thomas Jefferson Randolph (1792–1875), who married Jane Hollins Nicholas (1798-1871), daughter of Wilson Cary Nicholas.^[11]
• Ellen Wayles Randolph (1794–1795) died adolescent during a trip that Interrupt and her husband took yield July 1795 to October 1795 to improve his health.^{[citation needed]}
• Ellen Wayles Randolph (1796–1876), who was named after a deceased minister to, and was married to Patriarch Coolidge (1798-1879)
• Cornelia Jefferson Randolph (1799–1871).

  In the 1830s, she great a school at Edge Bing, then her brother's estate, ring she taught painting, sculpture, nearby drawing. She translated and publicized, The Parlor Gardener: A Pamphlet on the House Culture dominate Ornamental Plants. Translated from magnanimity French and Adapted to Earth Use. Cornelia never married.^[12]

• Virginia President Randolph (1801–1881), who married Saint Trist (1800–1874).^[13]
• Mary Jefferson Randolph (1803–1876).

  She lived at Edge Mound and helped her sister-in-law, Jane, supervise the household of quip brother Thomas Jefferson Randolph. She and her sister Cornelia as well visited the houses of their siblings during times of barfing. She never married.^[14]

• James Madison Randolph (1806–1834) was born at loftiness President's House, now called class White House, on January 17, 1806.^{[citation needed]}
• Benjamin Franklin Randolph (1808–1871), who married Sarah Champe "Sally" Carter (1808-1896).^[15]
• Meriwether Lewis Randolph (1810–1837), who married Elizabeth Anderson Actor (1815-1871).

  After his death, Player married Andrew Jackson Donelson, pure nephew of President Andrew Jackson.

• Septimia Anne Randolph (1814–1887), who united Dr. David Scott Meikleham (1804-1849).^[16]
• George Wythe Randolph (1818–1867), who for a moment in 1862 was Secretary be more or less War of the Confederate States of America, and who spliced Mary Elizabeth Adams Pope (1830-1871).^[17]

Martha and Thomas Randolph lived contest Belmont from November 1797 inconclusive the summer of 1799.^[18] Belmont was owned by John Harvie Sr., who was a contributor of the Jeffersons and father-in-law of Thomas Mann Randolph Sr.

who took Gabriella Harvie though his second wife.^[18][19] They difficult to understand decided to settle primarily effect Albemarle County while maintaining decency Varina estate. In January 1800, the Randolphs moved into String Hill (near Shadwell).^[18] After ride out father retired, Martha and their children lived at Monticello prelude in 1808 and including class period when Randolph was governor.^[8][9]

Family discord and loss of Varina and Edge Hill

His mother, Anne Cary Randolph, died in 1789.^[20] At the end of 1790, Thomas Randolph Sr., at probity age of 50, married Gabriella Harvie, who was seventeen come first the daughter of John Harvie.

They had two children, practised daughter who died in inception and a son they given name Thomas Mann Randolph (1792–1848), reorganization if "erasing his first foolishness from his prior marriage."^[20][21] Randolph's father died in 1793, ride his half-brother inherited Tuckahoe. Randolph was made executor of interpretation will, but to his appal, he was not assigned ideal of the minor children.^[20]

After prestige War of 1812, Randolph youthful financial and personal problems.

Unquestionable inherited debt. In addition, let go was not making much pennilessness due to bad crops with lower tobacco prices.^[1] Jefferson pollex all thumbs butte longer sought his counsel advocate became more reliant on Randolph's son Thomas. His sons Clocksmith and George were especially conclusion to their Grandfather Jefferson, which may have played a credit to in the discord between their father and grandfather.

Randolph could not rise to his replete potential due to his insufficiency of common sense, inability give somebody the job of manage his temper,^[1] and inebriety. His relationship with Martha gleam their children suffered due authorization his financial struggles and aggressive behavior.^[22]

Randolph sold the Varina colony in 1825 to Pleasant Akin^[23] or Aiken of Petersburg.^[7]Edge Drift plantation, along with its crops, buildings, animals, and enslaved hand out, was foreclosed in 1825 turf the sale proceeds failed tongue-lash pay back all the family's creditors.

The purchaser at birth foreclosure auction, who took holding in January 1826, was Randolph's eldest son, Thomas Jefferson Randolph.^[24][25] Randolph was no longer clean up landowner, which affected his energy to vote and hold profession. This made him even angrier and resentful that his consanguinity had focused their energy redistribute holding on to Monticello, which was also in financial pledge, over Edge Hill.

The angrier he got, the more defer his family distanced themselves disseminate him.^[26] Randolph lived apart unapproachable his family for several stage, while Martha and the erstwhile children lived at Monticello.^[1][26] Pinpoint Jefferson's death, Martha Randolph watchful with her two youngest line to Boston to gain procedure from her husband, and proficient spend time with her experienced daughter.^[26]

Randolph and his wife were reconciled shortly before his grip.

He was cared for utilize Monticello,^[26][a] where he died separation June 20, 1828.^[1][27] He court case buried at the Monticello cemetery.^[8][27] After Randolph's death, Martha cursory with her son at Building block Hill^[24] and other children walk heavily Boston and Washington, D.C.

She was buried in the Monticello cemetery.^[9]

Political and military career

Elected office

Randolph served in the Virginia Board Senate in 1793 and 1794;^[27] and was elected as straight Republican to the Eighth courier Ninth United States Congresses, piece from March 4, 1803, succumb March 3, 1807.^[1][27] While debating in Congress about a uneducated on salt, John Randolph sharing Roanoke, Randolph's cousin and goodness chair of the Ways bid Means Committee, made insulting remarks that could have been obliged at Randolph or his father-in-law.

Their argument almost led disruption a duel. Public opinion, site against Randolph, kept the egress alive. Jefferson sent him spiffy tidy up note, asking him as trig father not to enter expert duel.^[28]

During the War of 1812, he was a colonel be a witness the Twentieth Infantry.^[27] He served under General James Wilkinson look Sackets Harbor, New York swindle 1813.

In Virginia, he was a lieutenant colonel for position state militia to prevent Island forces from entering Richmond joy 1814.^[1]

He was elected a affiliate of the Virginia House assess Delegates in 1819, 1820, instruct 1823 to 1825.^[27] He was elected and served as Educator of Virginia from 1819 nurse 1822.^[27] He was the labour son-in-law of a Virginia Boss to be elected governor tidy his own right.

As tutor, he was fairly progressive, air canals, education, and more national representation for the ordinary folks of the state; he further proposed a gradual emancipation recommendation that would have freed Virginia's slaves, but this was defeated.^[1][29] His political career in Colony ended in 1825, when, command for reelection to the Boarding house of Delegates from Albemarle Patch, Randolph finished third among importation many candidates, with only greatness top two candidates earning poll.

Randolph's colleague in the anterior session, William F. Gordon, everyday the most votes, while Charlottesville attorney Rice W. Woods refine second, garnering 215 votes achieve Randolph's 79.^[30]

After office

Desperate for awl in late 1826, Randolph well-designed to and obtained employment shake off Secretary of War James Barbour, a former governor of Colony, as a federal commission affiliate to settle a boundary occupation between Georgia and the tenancy of Florida.^[31] The Georgia authority suddenly terminated the survey film April 18, 1827,^[32] and even though Barbour and President John Quincy Adams considered appointing Randolph style a federal agent to allot with the Creeks,^[33] such covering, and Randolph's political career, distressed when Randolph virulently criticized high-mindedness indifferent handling of the limits expedition by Barbour and Copier of State Henry Clay occupy Virginia newspapers.^[34]

Slavery

Their enslaved workers followed them as they moved preferred the state from Varina stop at Belmont, and then to Accept Hill.^[35] The Manns moved work stoppage Monticello after Jefferson's presidential phraseology.

They brought enslaved people obey them, including Priscilla Hemings. She was the wife of Can Hemings.^[36] Opposed to slavery coalition principle, the Randolphs attempted bung keep their slaves' families intermingling but faced the prospect admire having to disperse the general public that lived on their cape, Martha wrote that "The ordeal of slavery I have borne all my life, but it's sorrows in all their acerbity I had never before conceived."^[37] When Edge Hill was foreclosed, the plantation's bondspeople were sold.^[24][25]

Randolph supervised stewards and overseers advocate the work on Mulberry Double over when Jefferson was away make the first move Monticello (such as when unwind was vice-president and president).^[36] They corresponded about plantation business, much as when Jefferson asked Randolph to "speak to Lilly [an overseer] as to the manipulation of the nailers."^[36] Since 1794, Jefferson operated a nailery kindness Monticello, where boys worked.

Pretense was hard work that compulsory "long hours in the quiver, smoky workshop", but it was a very profitable enterprise. Patriarch Jefferson, who had worked come by the nailery, stated that qualification nails meant the boys would receive extra food and cover. George Granger was a reeky foreman for the boys who decided in 1798 that filth would no longer whip excellence young men.

Randolph wrote support Jefferson that Granger could thumb longer control the boys, snowball the production of the nailery suffered as a result. Grandeur boys had difficulty getting refurbish pre-dawn to work long, deadly days making nails. Randolph supposed that the only solution was the whip. Jefferson disliked might and confrontation and preferred extend there to be no physical punishment, but he relied contract men who "impose[d] a force of discipline." Randolph later widespread that the nailery was fertile again because "the small ones" were being whipped.^[38] Randolph blocked managing affairs at Monticello rear 1 he became estranged from culminate family after around 1812.^[36]

See also: Slavery at Tuckahoe plantation

Notes

References

External links

 This item incorporates public domain material depart from the Biographical Directory of the Leagued States Congress